Student Housing: Demand and Supply in European University Cities

Student housing is an important topic for discussion among students, their families, universities, as well as government authorities and private investors. With the increasing number of students and growing international mobility, the issue of housing availability becomes particularly relevant. European university cities face high rental demand, leading to rising accommodation costs and a shortage of affordable options. This article examines the key factors influencing the demand and supply of student housing, regional market characteristics, and possible solutions to the problem.
1. Growing Demand for Student Housing
Student mobility in Europe has increased significantly over the past decades. This is due to several factors, such as international exchange programs, an increase in the number of foreign students, and the improvement in the quality of higher education in European countries. Demand for housing is growing faster than supply, causing significant difficulties in finding affordable accommodation.
Factors Influencing Demand Growth:
• Increase in the number of students
Every year, the number of students enrolling in European universities increases. According to UNESCO data, the number of international students in European countries continues to grow, creating additional pressure on the housing market.
• High concentration of universities in major cities
Key educational centers such as London, Paris, Amsterdam, Berlin, and Barcelona experience the highest demand for student housing. This is because these cities host leading educational institutions that attract students from around the world.
• Shortage of dormitory spaces
In most European universities, the number of dormitory places is limited, and the private rental market does not always compensate for the lack of available options.
2. Types of Student Housing in Europe
Students can choose from several types of accommodation, each with its own features, advantages, and disadvantages.
Main Types of Student Housing:
1. Public and university dormitories
University dormitories are usually the most affordable housing option, but their availability often does not meet students’ needs. In some countries, dormitories are subsidized by the state, making them even more attractive.
2. Private dormitories
In recent years, private dormitories have been on the rise, offering modern living conditions such as furnished rooms, coworking spaces, and fitness centers. However, rental costs in such facilities can be significantly higher.
3. Renting rooms or apartments
Many students prefer to rent accommodation from private landlords, especially if they cannot secure a place in a dormitory. However, renting in major cities often requires significant financial resources.
4. Co-living and cooperative housing
Co-living spaces have become a popular solution in recent years. These are modern residential complexes designed for students and young professionals, providing private rooms and shared areas for relaxation and study.
3. Cost of Student Housing in European Countries
Rental prices in university cities across Europe vary depending on the country and city. Below are the average monthly rental costs:
 Average Rent Cost (EUR/month) :
London 800 – 1,500
Paris 600 – 1,200
Berlin 400 – 800
Amsterdam 700 – 1,300
Barcelona 500 – 1,000
Vienna 400 – 700
Prague 300 – 600
Budapest 250 – 500
The highest rental prices are observed in London, Paris, and Amsterdam, where demand significantly exceeds supply. In contrast, rental costs remain more affordable in Central and Eastern Europe (Prague, Budapest, Warsaw).
4. Key Issues in Student Housing
1. Shortage of Affordable Housing
In major university cities, the number of dormitory spaces and rental options is limited, leading to a lack of available accommodations.
2. High Rental Costs
For most students, high rental costs pose a serious challenge. Even in dormitories, prices may exceed the financial capabilities of students from low-income families.
3. Unfair Landlords
Students often face fraud, excessive deposit requirements, and discrimination based on nationality when renting housing.
4. Bureaucratic Difficulties
Foreign students frequently encounter challenges in securing rental agreements due to document requirements, visa restrictions, and language barriers.
5. Solutions to the Student Housing Problem
1. Increasing the Number of Dormitories
Universities and governments should invest in constructing new dormitories with affordable rent prices.
2. Development of Private Sector and Co-living Spaces
Private companies can participate in developing modern student complexes with comfortable living conditions.
3. Government Subsidies and Support Programs
Some countries, such as Germany, provide rent subsidies to students, helping to reduce financial burdens.
4. Digitalization of the Rental Market
The development of platforms such as Uniplaces, HousingAnywhere, and Spotahome allows students to find accommodation safely and quickly, minimizing the risk of fraud.
The demand for student housing in Europe continues to grow, leading to rising rental prices and a shortage of affordable options. Despite the active development of the private sector, students face several challenges, such as high rental costs, a lack of dormitory spaces, and difficulties in securing accommodation. Addressing this issue requires a collaborative effort from universities, government authorities, and private investors. Investments in new student housing formats, subsidies for students, and the development of digital platforms can help improve the situation in the future.
Since student housing plays a crucial role in the educational process, its availability and quality directly impact students’ success and comfort during their studies. Solving this problem will be an important step toward creating a more inclusive and convenient educational environment in Europe.